The ban that changed everything
On December 16, 2025, President Trump signed Presidential Proclamation 10998, placing full or partial entry restrictions on nationals of 39 countries, effective January 1, 2026. It splits affected nations into two groups: those facing a complete visa ban and those losing access to tourist, student, and immigrant visas.
Together, these restrictions now touch nationals from nearly one in five countries on Earth, reshaping who can legally reach the United States.
June 2025 set the stage
Before most people noticed, a travel ban was already running. On June 4, 2025, Presidential Proclamation 10949 fully barred nationals of 12 countries and partially restricted seven more. That earlier order was the blueprint for everything December brought.
Most travelers never registered it. By the time the larger expansion landed, the legal architecture had already been built, tested, and quietly approved by the agencies responsible for vetting it.
Doors shut for these 19 nations
Nineteen countries now face a complete entry ban with no tourist, student, or work visa available at all.
Nationals from Afghanistan, Burma, Burkina Faso, Chad, the Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Haiti, Iran, Laos, Libya, Mali, Niger, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen are fully barred from both immigrant and non-immigrant entry into the United States starting January 1, 2026.
Nigeria’s painful partial ban
19 countries are now in the main partial-restriction category, losing immigrant visas as well as B-1/B-2 visitor visas and F, M, and J student and exchange visas. Turkmenistan is treated separately under an immigrant-visa-only suspension. Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Benin, Burundi, Côte d’Ivoire, Cuba, Dominica, Gabon, The Gambia, Malawi, Mauritania, Nigeria, Senegal, Tanzania, Togo, Tonga, Venezuela, Zambia, and Zimbabwe all made this list.
For Nigeria, the policy has clear consequences for prospective students because F, M, and J visas are among the categories now restricted. That means academic plans, exchange programs, and family-sponsored immigration cases can all be disrupted at once.
Dominica’s passport for sale
Dominica, Antigua and Barbuda landed on the list for a reason unlike any other country named. Both nations operate citizenship-by-investment programs, allowing foreign nationals to purchase a passport without ever living there. U.S. officials determined these programs let individuals from already-banned countries acquire a clean second passport and use it to slip through American entry vetting completely undetected.
Fact: The OCCRP found thousands of individuals linked to Russian and Iranian sanctions lists had obtained Dominican citizenship through its investment program, a finding that directly shaped the U.S. decision.
Your existing visa still stands
Not everyone from these 39 countries is suddenly locked out. The proclamation protects anyone who already held a valid U.S. visa on January 1, 2026. Lawful permanent residents and dual nationals traveling on a passport from a non-restricted country are also exempt.
No existing visa was revoked by this order. That said, immigration attorneys strongly advise affected nationals to get legal guidance before any international trip going forward.
Exemptions the headlines missed
The ban carved out specific protections. Green card holders are fully covered. Athletes, coaches, and essential staff tied to the 2026 FIFA World Cup and 2028 Olympics received explicit exemptions. Certain diplomats holding official visa classifications remain admissible.
What the December proclamation quietly removed were prior exceptions for immediate relatives of U.S. citizens, international adoption cases, and Afghan Special Immigrant Visa applicants, eliminating pathways that thousands of American families had been counting on for years.
Sudan: Blocked and burning
Sudan sits on the complete entry ban list, yet what is happening inside the country is beyond crisis. WHO said in early 2026 that 33.7 million people in Sudan would need humanitarian aid and that 13.6 million people had been displaced by the conflict. The agency also reported that 37% of health facilities remained nonfunctional, underscoring how severe the crisis has become. The people most desperate to reach safety anywhere are among those most firmly blocked from reaching the United States.
Fact: The WHO recorded over 200 attacks on Sudanese health facilities since April 2023, leaving nearly 1,900 patients and medical workers dead or injured.
Has any court stopped this?
Almost certainly not, and here is why. The legal backbone of the ban is Section 212(f) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, giving the president broad authority to suspend entry of any foreign national class deemed harmful to national interests.
The Supreme Court upheld a structurally identical ban in Trump v. Hawaii back in 2018. That ruling now makes a successful legal challenge to this far larger version considerably harder to pursue.
Three reasons countries made the list
The administration cited three recurring failures. Many affected nations lack reliable birth registration systems or centralized passport issuing infrastructure. Several carry visa overstay rates that the State Department flagged as unacceptably high.
Several governments have historically refused to take back their own deported citizens. Countries that formally address all three of these failures during the mandatory 180-day review cycle have a documented pathway to exit the restricted list entirely.
American families caught in this too
The sharpest edge of this ban cuts through American homes, not just foreign ones. The December proclamation removed a prior exception allowing U.S. citizens to sponsor immediate family members from restricted countries. Spouses, parents, and children are now blocked. Hundreds of thousands of people who are legally qualified for family-based immigration benefits now sit in limbo alongside the American relatives who had been counting on their arrival for years.
75 more countries frozen out
January 2026 brought an entirely separate and largely overlooked layer of restriction. On January 14, the administration announced an indefinite freeze on immigrant visa processing for nationals of 75 additional countries, including Brazil, Egypt, and Russia, none of which appear in the original 39-country proclamation.
The State Department offered no end date. Two distinct policies are now running simultaneously, and together they affect a significant share of the entire world population, with countries reopening remote regions caught directly in the crossfire.
This map is not permanent
The proclamation is not set in stone. Its own language requires the Secretary of State to conduct a country-by-country review every 180 days, recommending whether restrictions should continue, expand, or lift. Turkmenistan shows that the restrictions can change over time, but it was not fully removed from the system. The December proclamation said the country had made progress, yet the State Department still applied an immigrant-visa suspension to Turkmenistan beginning January 1, 2026.
Nations that overhaul their data-sharing systems and accept deported nationals have a real, documented path back, and smart travel planning starts with knowing exactly where things stand today.
Disclaimer: The images used are for illustrative purposes only and do not depict the actual locations mentioned.
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